Preamble
Considering that the recognition of the inherent dignity of all members of the human family and of their equal and inalienable rights is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world.
Considering that ignorance and contempt for human rights have led to acts of barbarism that outrage the conscience of humanity and that the advent of a world in which human beings will be free to speak and believe, freed from terror and misery, has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of man.
Considering that it is essential that human rights be protected by the rule of law so that man is not compelled, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression.
Considering that it is essential to encourage the development of friendly relations between nations.
Considering that in the Charter the peoples of the United Nations have reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women, and that they have declared their resolve to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.
Considering that Member States have pledged to ensure, in cooperation with the United Nations, universal and effective respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Considering that a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the utmost importance for the full realization of this commitment.
The General Assembly
Proclaim this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the common ideal to be achieved by all peoples and all nations so that all individuals and all organs of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, strive, through teaching and education, to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and to ensure, through progressive national and international measures, their universal and effective recognition and application, both among the populations of the Member States themselves and among those of the territories placed under their jurisdiction.
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, legal or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether that country or territory is independent, under trusteeship, non-self-governing or subject to any limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
Article 9
No one shall be arbitrarily arrested, detained or exiled.
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11
- Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
- No one shall be convicted for actions or omissions that, at the time they were committed, did not constitute a criminal act under national or international law. Likewise, no penalty shall be imposed that is more severe than that which was applicable at the time the criminal act was committed.
Article 12
- No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks on his honor and reputation.
- Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13
- Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return.
Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within a State.
Article 14
- In the face of persecution, everyone has the right to seek asylum and to enjoy asylum in other countries.
- This right shall not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely based on non-political crimes or on acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 15
- Everyone has the right to a nationality.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
Article 16
- Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
- Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
- The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17
- Everyone, alone or in community with others, has the right to own property.
- No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; this right includes the freedom to change religion or belief and the freedom to manifest one's religion or belief, either individually or in community with others, in public or private, through teaching, practice, worship, and observance of rituals.
Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes the freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20
- Everyone has the right to peaceful assembly and association.
- No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21
- Everyone has the right to take part in the government of their country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
- Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in their country.
- The will of the people is the basis of the authority of public power; this will must be expressed through periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security: they are entitled to realization of economic, social, and cultural rights.
essential to his dignity and the free development of his personality, through national effort and international cooperation, taking into account the organization and resources of each country.
Article 23
- Everyone has the right to work, to freely choose their work, to just and favorable conditions of work, and to protection against unemployment.
- Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
- Everyone who works has the right to fair and favorable remuneration ensuring for themselves and their family an existence worthy of human dignity and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
- Everyone has the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of their interests.
Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic paid holidays.
Article 25
- Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and their family, including food, clothing.
housing, medical care, and necessary social services: they have the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood,
old age, or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond their control. - Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
Article 26
- Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education is compulsory. Technical and professional education must be made generally available; access to higher education shall be equally open to all on the basis of merit.
- Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance, and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
- Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
Article 27
- Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
- Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary, or artistic production of which he is the author.
Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29
- Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
- In exercising their rights and enjoying their freedoms, everyone is subject only to the limitations established by law exclusively to ensure the recognition and respect of the rights and freedoms of others and to satisfy the
- Just requirements of morality, public order, and the general welfare in a democratic society.
- These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30
No provision of this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group, or individual any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
engage in an activity or perform an act aimed at the destruction of the rights and freedoms set forth therein.